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Lancashire
Lancashire (, ;〔"The Phonology of English Dialects in the North of England" in Kortmann, B and Schneider, E. W. (eds.) ''A Handbook of Varieties of English'', Volume I. Berlin: Mouton, 2004, 130.〕 archaically the County Palatine of Lancaster; abbreviated ''Lancs.'') is a county in north west England. Although Lancaster is still the county town, the county's administrative centre is Preston. The county has a population of 1,449,300 and an area of . People from the county are known as ''Lancastrians''.
The history of Lancashire begins with its founding in the 12th century. In the ''Domesday Book'' of 1086, some of its lands were treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay between the Ribble and Mersey, ''Inter Ripam et Mersam'' was included in the returns for Cheshire. When its boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged as a major commercial and industrial region during the Industrial Revolution. Manchester and Liverpool grew into its largest cities, dominating global trade and the birth of modern capitalism. The county contained several mill towns and the collieries of the Lancashire Coalfield. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire. Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Burnley, Bury, Chorley, Colne, Darwen, Nelson, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale and Wigan were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
The county was subject to significant administrative boundary reform in 1974,〔George, D., ''Lancashire'', (1991)〕 that removed Liverpool and Manchester and most of their surrounding conurbations to form the metropolitan counties of Merseyside and Greater Manchester.〔Local Government Act 1972. 1972, c. 70〕 The detached northern part of Lancashire in the Lake District, including the Furness Peninsula and Cartmel, was merged with Cumberland and Westmorland to form Cumbria. Lancashire lost 709 square miles of land to other counties, about two fifths of its original area, although it did gain some land from the West Riding of Yorkshire. Today the ceremonial county borders Cumbria to the north, Greater Manchester and Merseyside to the south and North and West Yorkshire to the east; with a coastline on the Irish Sea to the west. The county palatine boundaries remain the same with the Duke of Lancaster exercising sovereignty rights,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=County Palatine )〕 including the appointment of lords lieutenant in Greater Manchester and Merseyside.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Northwest Regional Development Agency )〕
==History==
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